"King Lear" is regarded as one of the most powerful of Shakespeare's works, exploring the tragic effects of human weakness and cruelty. It was written around 1605 during a period when Shakespeare was deeply engaged in depicting suffering and disaster due to flawed characters. The play centers on themes of profound personal tragedy and redemption, ultimately leading to a catastrophic ending devised by Shakespeare himself. Originally based on a legend that traces back to many cultures and recorded by Geoffrey of Monmouth in the twelfth century, Shakespeare innovated by introducing a tragic outcome rather than the traditional happy ending. Key contributions from Shakespeare include King Lear’s madness, the banishment and disguise of Kent, the creation of the Fool character, and intertwining the subplot of Gloucester and his sons with Lear’s story.